Search Authors

Build a search query by making a selection from the choices below. Limit the search by entering additional criteria from the text fields option (which may be used instead of as well as in addition to the choices here).

DESCRIPTORS: Search records by a common watermark pattern. as primary descriptor as secondary descriptor as primary or secondary descriptor
SECONDARY DESCRIPTORS: Additional characteristics of a watermark. Search for words or phrases.
DATE OF USE: Limit a search by using a range of dates.	xxxx-xxxx

DESCRIPTORS: Primary descriptors signify the most obvious feature of a watermark's morphology. Judgments about this can, of course, be subjective, so that one person's "Shield" is another's "Post horn." The provision of a "Secondary descriptors" field allows users who have some knowledge of the watermark they are looking for to narrow their search, adding such details as names, intials, dates, and other material that is often incorporated into a watermark. Thus, if the mark being sought is a heraldic shield with post horn, the Primary descriptor would be "Shield" and the Secondary descriptor would be "post horn."

Build a search query by making a selection from the choices below. Limit the search by entering additional criteria from the author fields option (which may be used instead of as well as in addition to the choices here).

PLACE OF ORIGIN: Search records by where the paper was made.
PAPER MAKER: Names of persons and firms.
PAPER MILL: Names of paper mills.
COLLECTOR: Person who gathered the watermark.
TYPE OF REPRODUCTION: Search records by the process used to record the watermark.
NAME-NUMBER: A unique watermark identifier.
LES FILIGRANES-NUMBER: a catalogue identifier.
COMMENTS: Search a word or phrase in the Comments field.

PAPER MAKER: This field contains information on the mill/person associated with the manufacture of the paper stock. Gravell deduced the names of mills and papermakers from names and initials incorporated, usually as countermarks or companion marks.

Build a search query by making a selection from the choices below. Limit the search by entering additional criteria from the author fields option (which may be used instead of as well as in addition to the choices here).

COUNTRY OF USE: Search records by country of use.
REPOSITORY COUNTRY:
REPOSITORY NAME:
SHELFMARK:
FORMAT: The format of the book or other item in which the watermark appears.
ARTIFACT: The object or collection from which the watermark was taken.
AUTHOR:
DATE ADDED:

FORMAT: Watermarked paper was often folded for a variety of uses. A "folio" format (2°) is produced with a sheet of paper is folded in half: watermarks typically appear in the left or right side of a sheet (when a countermark is included, it is usually place in the other half). When a sheet is folded as "quarto" (4°), the watermark is usually at least partially concealed in the fold. Although it is possible to detect and reconstruct the morphology of watermarks in these smaller formats (quarto, octavo, etc.), they can be difficult to reproduce if they occur in bound volumes.

ARTIFACT: This field most typically will contain the title of a printed book, manuscript, or collection (of letters, records, accounts). If more extensive information is available, it will appear in the "Comments" field of a given record.


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