Gravell Watermark Archive
Watermark Descriptors |
The International Association of Paper Historians (IPH) Typological Index provides an alpha-numeric key to watermark classes and subclasses. While useful, this index does not always use terms that are congruent with, e.g., Briquet's classification, and occasionally employs terms that are, today, offensive to many, e.g., "Negro, head of." We have attempted to use the IPH Key when possible, at least to associate their main class with our primary descriptors.
ENGLISH | FRENCH | GERMAN | SPANISH | IPH KEY | ||||
Anchor | Ancre | Anker | Ancla | L4.4 | ||||
Angel | Ange | Engel | Angel | A5.2.3 | ||||
Antlers | Corne, Bois | Geweih | Cornamenta | C20.3 | ||||
Anvil | Enclume | Amboss | Yunque | N1 | ||||
Arms | Armoiries | Wappen | Escudo | NA | ||||
Arrow | Flèche | Pfeil | Flecha | M1 | ||||
Axeblade | Fer de hache, Hache d’armes | Streitaxt | Hacha | M2 | ||||
Bagpipe | Cornemuse | Dudelsack | Cornamusa | O7 | ||||
Balance Weight | Peson, Contrepoids | Schiebegewicht | Pesa | N28.5 | ||||
Bear | Ours | Bär | Oso | C2 | ||||
Bell | Cloche | Glocke | Campana | O2 | ||||
Bird | Oiseau | Vögel | Ave | D | ||||
Boar | Sanglier | Eber | Jabalí | C18 | ||||
Boot | Botte | Stiefel | Bota | N4 | ||||
Bow | Arc | Bogen | Arco | M3 | ||||
Bull head | Tête de bouef | Ochsenkopf, Brustbild oder Kopf | Buey, cabeza | C4.2 | ||||
BullHalf | Boeuf, Taureau, vache, buste | Ochse, Stier, Kuh, Teil-Figur | Toro, buey, vaca, busto | C4.1 | ||||
BullWhole | Boeuf, Taureau, vache, figure entière | Ochse, Stier, Kuh, ganze | Toro, buey, vaca, figura entera | C4.1 | ||||
Burnisher | Brunissoire, Hachoir | Wiegemesser | Tajo | N8 | ||||
Camel | Chameau | Kamel | Camello | C5 | ||||
Candlestick | Porte-bougie, chandelier | Kerzenhalter, Kandelaber | Palmatoria, candelabro | N7 | ||||
Cart | Char, Wagon | Wagen | Carro, Vagón | L5 | ||||
Cat | Chat | Katze | Gato | C6 | ||||
Cereals | Epi, Céréales | Getreide | Cereales | G3 | ||||
Chalice | Coupe, Gobelet, Ostensoire | Becher, Kelch, Monstranz | Cubilete, Copa, Ostensorio | P3 | ||||
Clarinet | Clarinet, Hautbois | Klarinette, Oboe | Clarinete, Oboe | O4 | ||||
Clock | Cadran, Montre | Uhr, Zifferblatt | Reloj, Esfera | N44 | ||||
Cock | Coq | Hahn | Gallo | D1.1 | ||||
Cockatrice | Basilic | Basilisk | Basilisco | F2/2 | ||||
Column(s) | Colonne(s) | Sälule(n) | Columna(s) | K2 | ||||
Comet | Comète | Komet | Cometa | J1 | ||||
Compass | Compas | Zirkel | Compás | N10 | ||||
Courier | Cavalier, Courrier | Postreiter | Correo | A4.4.2 | ||||
Cowl | Capuchon | Kapuze | Capucha | N14.2 | ||||
Crenelated Bridge | Pont crénelé | NA | ||||||
Crescent | Croissant | Mondsichel | Luna cresciente | J2 | ||||
Cross | Croix | Kreuz | Cruz | S1 | ||||
Crossbow | Arbalète | Ambrust | Ballesta | M6 | ||||
Crown | Couronne | Krone | Corona | R3 | ||||
Crozier | Crosse | Krümme | Cayado curvo | R1.2 | ||||
Currycomb | Etrille | Striegel | Almohaza, Rascadera | N9 | ||||
Date | Date, Nombres | Datum, Zahlen | Fecha, Números | V | ||||
Devises | Devises | NA | ||||||
Diamond | Losange | Rhombus | Rombo | U3 | ||||
Dog | Chien | Hund | Perro | C7 | ||||
Dog head | Tête de chien | Hund, Brustbild oder Kopf | Perro, busto o cabeza | C7 | ||||
Dolphin | Dauphin, Dolphin | Delphin | Delfin | C8 | ||||
Dolphin | Dauphin | C8 | ||||||
Dragon | Basilic | Drache | Dragón | F1 | ||||
Eagle | Aigle | Adler | Aguila | D5 | ||||
Egg | Oeuf | Ei | Huevo | NA | ||||
Elephant | Eléphant | Elefant | Elefante | C10 | ||||
Escutcheon | Panonceau | Wappenshild | Escudo de armas | NA | ||||
Fence | Pallisade, Barriére | Zaun | Beriera | K3 | ||||
Fish | Poisson | Fisch | Pez | E2 | ||||
Flag | Etandard, Drapeau | Fahne | Bandera | T2 | ||||
Flask | Flaçon | P | ||||||
Fleur-de-lis | Fleur-de-lis | |||||||
Flower | Fleur | Blume | Flor | G1 | ||||
Foolscap | Tête de fou | Narrenkappe | Cabeza de loco | A7.1.3 | ||||
Foot | Pied | Fuss | Pie | A7.6 | ||||
Fruit | Fruit | Frucht | Fruta | H | ||||
Glove | Gantelet, Gant | Handschuh | Guante | N42 | ||||
Goat | Bouc | Ziege | Cabra | C12 | ||||
Goat head | Tête de bouc | Ziege, Brustbild oder Kopf | Cabra, busto o cabeza | C12 | ||||
Goose | Oie | Gans | Oca | D7 | ||||
GothicP1 | Lettre P gothique sans tige fourchée | Fraktur-P ohne Gabelfus | Letra P gótica sin pie bifurcado | W2/1 | ||||
GothicP2 | Lettre P gothique avec tige fourchée, tournée vers e’extérieur | Fraktur-P mit Gabelfus, nach aussen gespreizt | Letra P gótica con pie bifurcado, curo hacia el exterior | W2/2 | ||||
GothicP3 | Lettre P gothique avec tige fourchée, tournée vers interérieur | Fraktur-P mit Gabelfus, nach innen gekrümmt | Letra P gótica con pie bifurcado, curo hacia el interior | W2/3 | ||||
Grapes | Raisin | Traube | Uva | H4/2/3 | ||||
Griffin | Griffon | Greif | Grifo | F2 | ||||
Griffin | Griffon | Greif | Grifo | F2.1 | ||||
Hammer | Marteau | Hammer | Martillo | N12 | ||||
Hand | Main | Hand | Mano | A7.2 | ||||
Harp | Harpe | Harfe | Arpa | O9 | ||||
Harrow | Herse | Egge | Rastrillo | N13 | ||||
Hat | Chapeau de cardinal | Kardinalshut | Capelo cardenalicio | R2 | ||||
Hatchet | Hache | Beil | Hacha | N2 | ||||
Heart | Coeur | Herz | Corazón | A7.3 | ||||
Hedgehog | Porc-épic, Hérisson | Igel | Erizo | C13 | ||||
Helmet | Casque | Helm | Casco | M9 | ||||
Horn | Huchet, Cor | Horn | Cuerno | O3 | ||||
Horse | Cheval | Pferd | Caballo | C14 | ||||
Horse head | Tête de cheval | Pferd, Brustbild oder Kopf | Caballo, busto o cabeza | C14 | ||||
Horseshoe | Fer à cheval | Hufeisen | Herradura | N15.1 | ||||
Human | Homme, Figure humaine | Mensch | Figura humana | A-B | ||||
Human head | Tête humaine | Kopf (Mensch) | Cabeza (Human) | A7.1 | ||||
Indeterminate | Indéterminé, Non calssifiables | Nicht klassifizierbar | Inclasificables | Z | ||||
Initials | Initiales | Anfangsbuchstaben | Inicials | X1 | ||||
Insect | Insecte | Insekt | Insecto | E3 | ||||
Keg | Baril, avec cord | Lägel, mit Seil | Barril con cuerda | P1.2 | ||||
Keys | Clef(s) | Schlüssel | Llave | N16 | ||||
Knot | Noeud | Knoten | Nudo | S2 | ||||
Ladder | Echelle | Leiter | Escalera | N18 | ||||
Lamb | Agneau | Lamm | Agnus | C19.3 | ||||
Leaf | Feuille | Blatt | Hoja | G | ||||
Leopard | Léopard | Leopard | Leopardo | C16 | ||||
Letter | Lettre | Letter | Letra | W | ||||
Lily | Fleur-de-lis | Lilie | Flor de Lis | G6 | ||||
Lily | Fleur de Lys (héraldique) | Lilie (Heraldik) | Flor de lis (heáldica) | G6.2 | ||||
Lion | Lion | Löwe | Leõn | C17 | ||||
Lion head | Tête lion | Löwe, Brustbild oder Kopf | Leõn, busto o cabeza | C17 | ||||
Lobster | Ecrevisse, Crabe, Homard | Krebs, Krabbe, Hummer | Congrejo, Longosta | E1 | ||||
Mallet | Masse | Schlegel | Mazo | N21 | ||||
Mercury | Mercury, Hermès | Merkur, Hermes | Mercurio, Hermes | A5.1.3 | ||||
Mermaid | Sirène | Meerjungfrau | Sirena | F3 | ||||
Mitre | Mitre (d’évêque ou abbé) | Mitra (Bishofs- oder Abtsmütze) | Mitra | R5 | ||||
Monogram | Monogramme | Monogramme | Monograma | X | ||||
Mountains | Monts, Triple montagne (colline) | Dreiberg | Montañas, Colinas (tres) | J3.3 | ||||
Nail | Clou | Nagel | Clavo | N22 | ||||
NamesWords | Noms, mots | Namen, wörter | Nombres, palabras | Y | ||||
Nostril | Narine | Nasenloch | fosa nasal | |||||
Number(s) | Nombres | Zahlen | Números | V | ||||
Nutcracker | Broyes, Casse-noix | Nussknacker | Cascanueces | N23 | ||||
Picador | Picador, dragon, hussard, etc. | Picador, Dragoner, Husar, etc. | Picador, Dragones, Husar, etc. | A4.4.3 | ||||
Pinecone | Pomme de Pin | Fichtenzapfen, Pyr | Piña | H2.3 | ||||
Plow | Charrue | Pflug | Arado | N26 | ||||
Pot1 | Pot sans anse | Krug ohne Henkel | Pote sine ansa | P6/1 | ||||
Pot2 | Pot avec une anse | Krug mit einem Henkel | Pote con una ansa | P6.2 | ||||
Pot3 | Pot avec deux anses | Krugm zwiehenklig | Pote con dos ansas | P6.3 | ||||
Pro Patria | Pro Patria | Pro Patria | Pro Patria | B4.3.3 | ||||
Quadruped | Quadrupède Mammifères | Säugetiere | Mamiferos | C | ||||
Reliquary | Reliquaire | Relicario | NA | |||||
Ring | Anneau | Ring | Anillo | R6 | ||||
Rose | Rose | Rose | Rosa | G8 | ||||
Sausage | Saucisson (Ballot) | Warenbalen | Fardo | Q1 | ||||
Scales | Balance | Waage | Balanza | N28 | ||||
Sceptre | Sceptre | Szepter | Cetro | R7 | ||||
Scissors | Ciseaux | Schere | Cincel | N29 | ||||
Scorpion | Scorpion | Skorpion | Escorpión | E6 | ||||
Scythe | Faux | Sense | Guadaña | N31 | ||||
Shell | Coquille | Muschel | Concha | E5 | ||||
Shield | Armoiries, Bouclier, Écu | Schild | Escudo | NA | ||||
Ship | Navire, Voilier | Segelschiff | Velero | L4.2 | ||||
Sickle | Faucille | Sichel | Hoz | N33 | ||||
Snake | Serpent | Schlange | Serpiente | E8 | ||||
Sole of a shoe | Semelle de soulier | Sohle | Suela | N32.3 | ||||
Spectacles | Lunettes | Brille | Gafas | N35 | ||||
Sphere | Sphère, Cercle | Sphäre | Esfera | J4 | ||||
Spherical Bell | Grelot | Schelle | Cascabel | O1 | ||||
Spur | Eperon | Sporn | Espuela | N37 | ||||
Square | Equerre | Winkelmass | Esquadra | N38 | ||||
Stag head | Tête de cerf | Hirsch, Brustbild oder Kopf | Ciervo, busto o cabeza | C20.2 | ||||
StagWhole | Cerf (figure entièe) | Hirsch (ganzes Bild) | Ciervo (figura entera) | C20.1 | ||||
Star | Etoile | Sterne | Estrella | J5 | ||||
Stump | Ecot, Masse d’armes | Keule | Maza | M5 | ||||
Sun | Soleil | Sonne | Sol | J6 | ||||
Swan | Cygne | Schwan | Cisne | D11 | ||||
Sword | Coutelas, Epée | Schwert | Espada | M14 | ||||
Tassel | Houppe | Troddel | Borla | Q3 | ||||
Tiara | Tiare | Tiara | Tiara | R8 | ||||
Tongs | Tenailles | Zange | Tenazas | N25 | ||||
Tower | Tour | Turm | Torre | K7 | ||||
Tree | Arbre | Baum | Arbol | H1 | ||||
Trident | Trident | Dreizack | Tridente | M15 | ||||
Trumpet | Trompette | Trumpete | Trompeta | O5 | ||||
Tulip | Tulipe | Tulpe | Tulipán | G9 | ||||
Unicorn head | Tête de licorne | Einhorn, Brustbild oder Kopf | Unicornio, busto o cabeza | F4.2 | ||||
UnicornWhole | Licorn, figure entièe | Einhorn, ganze Figur | Unicornio, figura entera | F4/1 | ||||
Unmarked | NA | |||||||
Whale | Baleine | Wal | Ballena | C21 | ||||
Wheat | Froment | Weizen | Tribo | G3.1 | ||||
Wheel | Roué | Rad | Rueda | L5.4 | ||||
Whip | Ferule, Verge | Rute | Vara | Q2 | ||||
Wing | Aile | Flügel | Ala | NA | ||||
Wing | Aile d’Oiseau | |||||||
Wolf | Loup, Chien | Wolf, Hund | Lobo, Perro | C22 | ||||
Yoke | Joug | Joch | Yugo | N41 | ||||